動詞の変化には不規則に変化するものがあり、そうした動詞を不規則動詞といいます。
不規則動詞とは?
不規則動詞(Irregular Verbs)は、過去形や過去分詞形が、-ed をつけるという規則に従って変化しない動詞のことです。
過去形は「〜した」という過去の出来事を表し、過去分詞は「〜される」という受動態や、現在完了形・過去完了形を作る際に必要になります。
英語には多くの不規則動詞がありますが、よく使われるものは限られています。このページでは、代表的な不規則動詞をグループ分けして見ていきましょう。
不規則動詞変化表
主要な不規則動詞の一覧です。
| 原形 | 過去形 | 過去分詞形 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|---|
| beat | beat | beaten | 打つ |
| become | became | become | ~になる |
| begin | began | begun | 始める |
| bite | bit | bitten | 噛む |
| blow | blew | blown | 吹く |
| break | broke | broken | 壊す |
| bring | brought | brought | 持ってくる |
| build | built | built | 建てる |
| burn | burnt | burnt | 燃やす |
| buy | bought | bought | 買う |
| catch | caught | caught | つかむ |
| choose | chose | chosen | 選ぶ |
| come | came | come | 来る |
| cost | cost | cost | コスト |
| cut | cut | cut | 切る |
| dig | dug | dug | 掘る |
| do | did | done | する |
| draw | drew | drawn | 描く |
| drink | drank | drunk | 飲む |
| drive | drove | driven | 運転する |
| eat | ate | eaten | 食べる |
| fall | fell | fallen | 落ちる |
| feel | felt | felt | 感じる |
| fight | fought | fought | 戦う |
| find | found | found | 見つける |
| get | got | gotten | 手に入れる |
| give | gave | given | 与える |
| go | went | gone | 行く |
| grow | grew | grown | 育つ |
| hang | hung | hung | 掛ける |
| have | had | had | 持つ |
| hear | heard | heard | 聞こえる |
| hit | hit | hit | 打つ |
| hold | held | held | 掴む |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | 傷つける |
| keep | kept | kept | 保つ |
| know | knew | known | 知っている |
| lay | laid | laid | 横たえる |
| lead | led | led | 導く |
| leave | left | left | 去る |
| lend | lent | lent | 貸す |
| let | let | let | ~させる |
| lie | lay | lain | 横たわる |
| lose | lost | lost | なくす |
| make | made | made | 作る |
| mean | meant | meant | 意味 |
| meet | met | met | 会う |
| pay | paid | paid | 支払う |
| put | put | put | 置く |
| read | read | read | 読む |
| ride | rode | ridden | 乗る |
| ring | rang | rung | 鳴る |
| rise | rose | risen | 上がる |
| run | ran | run | 走る |
| say | said | said | 言う |
| see | saw | seen | 見る |
| sell | sold | sold | 売る |
| send | sent | sent | 送る |
| set | set | set | 置く |
| shake | shook | shaken | 振る |
| shoot | shot | shot | 発射する |
| show | showed | shown | 見せる |
| shut | shut | shut | 閉じる |
| sing | sang | sung | 歌う |
| sink | sank | sunk | 沈む |
| sit | sat | sat | 座る |
| sleep | slept | slept | 眠る |
| speak | spoke | spoken | 話す |
| spend | spent | spent | 使う |
| spread | spread | spread | 広げる |
| stand | stood | stood | 立つ |
| steal | stole | stolen | 盗む |
| swim | swam | swum | 泳ぐ |
| take | took | taken | 取る |
| teach | taught | taught | 教える |
| tell | told | told | 言う |
| think | thought | thought | 考える |
| throw | threw | thrown | 投げる |
| understand | understood | understood | 理解する |
| wake | woke | woken | 起きる |
| wear | wore | worn | 着る |
| win | won | won | 勝つ |
| write | wrote | written | 書く |